From: Percutaneous transhepatic hemodialysis catheters in chronic hemodialysis patients: technique, functional outcome, and complications from a large population study
Etiology
Number
Percentage
Hypertension
99
33%
Diabetes mellitus
50
17%
Renal stones
28
10%
Urinary tract infection
29
Congenital abnormality
18
6%
Primary glomerulonephritis
15
5%
Unknown causes
57
19%