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Table 1 Comparisons of the qualitative CT findings among clinical groups

From: COVID-19 disease: CT Pneumonia Analysis prototype by using artificial intelligence, predicting the disease severity

Parameters

Clinical score

P value

Post hoc

A (n = 32), mean ± SD

B (n = 56), mean ± SD

C (n = 32), mean ± SD

Gender

   

1.00

 

 Male

26 (81.3%)

46 (82.1%)

26 (81.3%)

 Female

6 (18.8%)

10 (17.9%)

6 (18.8%)

Distribution

   

< 0.001

 

 Peripheral

20 (62.5%)

32 (57.1%)

6 (18.8%)

 Random

10 (31.3%)

14 (25.0%)

2 (6.3%)

 Diffuse

2 (6.3%)

10 (17.9%)

24 (75.0%)*

GGO

30 (93.8%)

52 (92.9%)

30 (93.8%)

0.981

 

Consolidation

22 (68.8)

56 (100.0%)

30 (93.8%)

< 0.001

 

Crazy-paving

8 (25.0%)

42 (75.0%)*

30 (93.8%)*

< 0.001

 

Air bronchogram

22 (68.8%)

56 (100.0%)

30 (93.8%)

< 0.001

 

Septal thickening

18 (56.3%)

48 (85.7%)

30 (93.8%)

< 0.001

 

Pleural fibrosis

0 (0.0%)

22 (39.3%)

12 (37.5%)

< 0.001

 

Effusion

0 (0.0%)

14 (25.0%)

4 (12.5%)

0.002

 

Total severity score

5.62 ± 2.37

9.96 ± 2.64

16.12 ± 2.43

< 0.001

P1 < 0.001

P2 < 0.001

P3 < 0.001

Total score for crazy-paving and consolidation

3.00 ± 2.24

8.50 ± 2.43

14.12 ± 2.45

< 0.001

P1 < 0.001

P2 < 0.001

P3 < 0.001

No. of segments

10.37 ± 5.21

14.64 ± 3.24

18.87 ± 1.93

< 0.001

P1 < 0.001

P2 < 0.001

P3 < 0.001

No. of lobes

4.06 ± 1.31

4.82 ± 0.60

4.93 ± 0.24

< 0.001

P1 0.011

P2 0.002

P3 0.508

  1. P1 mild vs moderate, P2 mild vs severe, P3 moderate vs severe
  2. Significantly lower than other groups in the same category
  3. *Significantly higher than other groups in the same category