Final diagnosis | Diagnostic clues | Number of cases | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical history | Pleural/cardiac involvement | Pulmonary parenchymal involvement | Laboratory/biopsy | |||
Bronchial asthma | History of bronchial asthma | Â | Emphysematous changes Subpleural sparing Bronchiactasis Peribronchial thickening Centrilobular nodules due to superadded infection | Â | 3 | |
Eosinophilic lung | Churg-Strauss syndrome | History of bronchial asthma, sinusitis | Pleural effusion | Â | Peripheral eosinophilia | 1 |
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome | Clinical history, skin rash | Pleural effusion | Â | Peripheral eosinophilia | 1 | |
Loffler syndrome | Â | Â | Fleeting opacities | Peripheral blood eosinophilia and high IgE level Elevated eosinophilic count on bronchoalveolar lavage | 1 | |
H1N1 | Â | Â | Â | PCR test revealed HINI virus | 1 | |
ARDS | Clinical criteria | Â | Bilateral basal dense consolidation on a background of diffuse GGO in the non-dependent regions with bronchial dilatation in GGO and crazy paving appearance | Â | 3 | |
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | Clinical history of exposure to antigen (Bird Fancier’s Disease) Reproduction of symptoms following exposure |  | Poorly defined centrilobular nodules Headcheese lung in subacute phase | Lymphocytosis on bronchoalveolar lavage | 4 | |
RB-ILD | History of smoking No fever |  | Ground-glass opacities and centrilobular nodules | Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings (the presence of smokers’ macrophages and the absence of lymphocytosis) Proved by biopsy | 2 | |
Amiodarone lung | History of drug intake | Â | Peripheral patches Pulmonary nodules and septal thickening | Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsy | 1 | |
SLE with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage | History of SLE, hemoptysis. | Â | Upper lobe predominance, confluent consolidation sparing costophrenic angles and the lung periphery. | Â | 1 | |
Trauma | History of recent trauma | Pneumothorax | Â | Â | 5 | |
Atypical bacterial infection | Mycoplasma bronchopneumonia | Â | Pleural effusion | Peribronchial thickening, confined to lobes | Â | 1 |
Staph-penumonia | Â | Â | GGO peribronchial thickening and pneumatocele | Â | 1 | |
Other bacterial pneumonia | Â | Â | Unilateral lung affection Tree in bud Bronchiectasis | Â | 6 | |
Alveolar sarcoid | History of sarcoid No fever | Â | Upper lobe affection, peribronchial thickening, mediastinal lymph nodes | Â | 1 | |
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia | Acute symptoms like ARDS | Â | Bilateral asymmetric confluent GGO with consolidative patches more in the lower lobes | Proved by transbronchial biopsy | 1 | |
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia | Â | Pleural effusion | Atoll sign Subpleural sparing | Confirmed by histopathological correlation | 2 | |
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Â | Â | Asymmetric lung involvement with crazy paving appearance | Confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage | 1 | |
Metastatic Calcifications with renal failure | History of renal failure | Â | High-density centrilobular ground glass nodules with superadded infection | Â | 1 | |
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | Clinical history | Enlarged cardiac size +/− pericardial effusion, dilated pulmonary trunk, bilateral pleural effusion, | Thickened interlobular septal, peri-lymphatic, and peribronchovascular thickening Perihilar distribution of ground glass opacities (bat wing) |  | 3 |