Gall bladder carcinoma: the facts and the mimics

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Table 3 Demographic factors

Demographic factors	Gall bladder pathologies/abnormalities	Exposures
Advanced age	Cholelithiasis	Heavy metals
Female gender	Porcelain gall bladder	Medications:methyldopa, OCP, isoniazid, estrogen
Obesity	Gall bladder polyps	Smoking
Geography	Congenital biliary cysts	Infections: Salmonella, Helicobacter
Ethnicity	Pancreaticobiliary anatomical anomalies
Genetic predisposition