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Table 2 Duration of disease, time of procedure, target level, and type of LDP among the two groups and SH diameter in the US group

From: Caudal epidural steroid injection ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided in treatment of refractory lumbar disc prolapse with radiculopathy

Variable

Group I (US) (n = 59)

Group II (FL) (n = 62)

Test

p

Duration (months)

  

MW

 

 Mean ± SD

5.95 ± 2.5

5.82 ± 2.53

  

 Median

5

5

0.60

0.55

 Range

2–11

2–11

 

NS

Time of procedure (min)

  

t

< 0.001**

 Mean ± SD

6.10 ± 0.71

11.52 ± 1.14

31.28

 

 Median

6

11.5

  

 Range

5–8

10–13.5

  

Sacral hiatus diameter

 Mean ± SD

4.69 ± 1.69

   

 Median

4.9

 Range

1.3–8.9

   

Variable

No

%

No

%

χ2

p

Duration (months)

 < 6

34

57.6

35

56.5

0.02

0.90

 ≥ 6

25

42.4

27

43.5

 

NS

Target level

 L2–3/L3–4

4

6.8

5

8.1

  

 L4–5

15

25.4

16

25.8

  

 L4–5/L5–S1

25

42.4

26

41.9

0.09

0.99

 L5–S1

15

25.4

15

24.2

 

NS

Type of lumbar disc

 Central

37

62.7

38

61.3

  

 Diffuse

17

28.8

18

29

0.06

0.97

 Foraminal

5

8.5

6

9.7

 

NS

  1. SD standard deviation, MW Mann-Whitney test, t independent t test, χ2 chi-squared test, NS non-significant (p > 0.05)
  2. **Highly significant (p < 0.01)