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Table 3 Visual analogue scale of the two studied groups

From: Caudal epidural steroid injection ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided in treatment of refractory lumbar disc prolapse with radiculopathy

Variable

Group I (US) (n = 59)

Group II (FL) (n = 62)

Test

p

Before (mm)

  

t

 

 Mean ± SD

70.31 ± 7.49

71.69 ± 5

1.20

0.23

 Median

70

71.5

 

NS

 Range

59–82

59–82

  

1 month (mm)

  

MW

 

 Mean ± SD

23.85 ± 21.07

24.03 ± 23.51

  

 Median

15

14

0.84

0.40

 Range

5–74

3–77

 

NS

3 months (mm)

  

MW

 

 Mean ± SD

27.73 ± 24.99

26.84 ± 25.30

  

 Median

14

13.5

0.78

0.43

 Range

4–79

4–75

 

NS

P1$

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

  

P2$

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

  

P3$

0.65 NS

0.41 NS

  
  1. SD standard deviation, t independent t test, MW Mann-Whitney test, NS non-significant (p > 0.05), P1 before versus 1 month, P2 before versus 3 months, P3 1 month versus 3 months of test
  2. **Highly significant (p < 0.01)
  3. $Paired Wilcoxon test