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Table 4 Clinical tests of the two studied groups

From: Caudal epidural steroid injection ultrasound-guided versus fluoroscopy-guided in treatment of refractory lumbar disc prolapse with radiculopathy

Variable

Group I (US) (n = 59)

Group II (FL) (n = 62)

t

p

Modified Schober Test

Before (cm)

  Mean ± SD

3.23 ± 1.08

3.33 ± 1.11

0.44

0.66

  Median

3

3.15

 

NS

  Range

1.5 - 6

1.5 - 7

  

1 month (cm)

  Mean ± SD

6.16 ± 1.55

6.11 ± 1.64

0.17

0.87

  Median

6

6.5

 

NS

  Range

2–9

2–10

  

3 months (cm)

  Mean ± SD

5.98 ± 1.81

5.91 ± 1.87

0.23

0.82

  Median

6

6.5

 

NS

  Range

2–9

2–10

  

P1#

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

  

P2#

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

  

P3#

0.18 NS

0.09 NS

  

Straight leg raising test

Before (cm)

  Mean ± SD

3.23 ± 1.08

3.33 ± 1.11

0.44

0.66

  Median

3

3.15

 

NS

  Range

1.5 - 6

1.5 - 7

  

1 month (cm)

  Mean ± SD

6.16 ± 1.55

6.11 ± 1.64

0.17

0.87

  Median

6

6.5

 

NS

  Range

2 - 9

2 - 10

  

3 months (cm)

  Mean ± SD

5.98 ± 1.81

5.91 ± 1.87

0.23

0.82

  Median

6

6.5

 

NS

  Range

2–9

2–10

  

P1#

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

  

P2#

< 0.001**

< 0.001**

  

P3#

0.18 NS

0.09 NS

  
  1. SD standard deviation, t independent t test, NS non-significant (p > 0.05), P1 before versus 1 month, P2 before versus 3 months, P3 1 month versus 3 months of test
  2. **Highly significant (p < 0.01)
  3. #Paired t test