Fig. 5

Female patient aged 30 years old presented with visual impairment. MRI axial T2: Normal lateral ventricle. b 3D DRIVE image showing patent normal aqueduct. c Sagittal magnitude image showing CSF flow in the aqueduct of Sylvius as shades of white. d Velocity time curve showing CSF in both diastole (above the base line) and systole (below the base line). PDV = 2.6 cm/s, PSV = 4.1 cm/s, Vmax = (2.6 + 4.1)/2 = 3.35 cm/s. e CSF flow curve. Forward flow volume = 47 μl and backward flow volume = 50 μl, and so the SV = (47 + 50)/2 = 48.5 μl/cycle. Diagnosis is hyperdynamic CSF circulation consistent with IIH