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Table 1 Comparison of demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data between the two follow-up groups

From: Medium-term chest computed tomography (CT) follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia patients after recovery to assess the rate of resolution and determine the potential predictors of persistent lung changes

Parameter

Complete radiological resolution on follow-up CT (n = 46; 56.8%)

Residual lung findings on follow-up CT (n = 35; 43.2%)

p value

Age (Mean ± SD)

45.8 ± 13.8

59.6 ± 9.3

0.01858

Sex

M = 29 (63%)

F = 17 (37%)

M = 21 (60%)

F = 14 (40%)

0.8205

BMI

  18–25

34 (74%)

14 (40%)

0.003

  > 25

12 (26%)

21 (60%)

 

Smoking history

  Smoker

13 (28.3%)

18 (51.4%)

0.6497

  Non-smoker

33 (71.7%)

17 (48.6%)

 

Comorbidity

  Absent

26 (56.5%)

7 (20%)

 

  Present

20 (43.5%)

28 (80%)

 

  Diabetes mellitus

6

8

 

  Hypertension

7

7

 

  COPD

4

5

0.0013

  CKD

1

2

 

  CLD

1

2

 

  CAD

1

1

 

  Malignancy

0

2

 

  Immune suppression

0

1

 

Hospitalization

  Inpatient

34 (74%)

31 (88.6%)

0.1583

  Outpatient

12 (26%)

4 (11.4%)

 

In-ward hospitalization

43 (93.5%)

25 (71.4%)

0.0126

ICU admission

3 (6.5%)

10 (28.6%)

 

Duration of hospitalization

  (Mean days ± SD)

7.6 ± 2.3

11.2 ± 4.1

0.000332

Initial percutaneous oxygen saturation (%)

  (Mean ± SD)

92.3 ± 3.8

88.1 ± 2.2

0.00132

Initial WBC count

  ×103 (Mean ± SD)

5343 ± 1456.4

7987 ± 2465.8

0.00105

NLR

2.5 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 1.3

0.609

LDH, IU/l

  (Mean ± SD)

697.7 ± 198.8

743.8 ± 211.4

0.6921

CRP, mg/l

  (Mean ± SD)

34.6 ± 17.6

41.1 ± 19.8

0.4554

Pharmacological treatment

  Antiviral drugs

16 (34.8%)

13 (37.1%)

1

  Hydroxychloroquine

12 (26%)

17 (48.6%)

0.63

  Steroids

39 (84.8%)

18 (51.4%)

0.0007

Persistent symptoms on follow-up

30 (65.2%)

24 (68.5%)

0.8148

  1. CT computed tomography, BMI body mass index, NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, WBC white blood cell count, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, CLD chronic liver disease, CAD coronary artery disease