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Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine

Table 1 Univariate analysis of clinical, pathologic, and MRI findings associated with NAC invasion by underlying breast cancer

From: Prediction of nipple-areolar complex involvement by breast cancer: role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)

 

Free NAC

n = 92

Malignant NAC invasion

n = 33

Test of significance

Age/years

Mean ± SD

43.82 ± 9.61

45.12 ± 8.42

t = 0.691

p = 0.491

TS/cm

Mean ± SD

3.55 ± 1.67

5.51 ± 2.34

t = 4.30

p < 0.001*

 

n = 72

n = 21

 

≤ 2cm

> 2 cm

13 (18.1)

59 (81.9)

0 (0.0)

21 (100.0)

χ2 = 4.41

p = 0.036*

TND/cm

Mean±SD

3.89 ± 2.63

2.28 ± 1.94

t = 4.71

p = 0.032*

≤ 2cm

> 2 cm

25 (27.2)

67 (72.8)

21 (63.6)

12 (36.4)

χ2 = 13.88

p < 0.001*

LP

   

 Mass

 Non-mass

72 (78.3)

20 (21.7)

21 (63.6)

12 (36.4)

χ2 = 2.73

p = 0.09

Abnormal nipple enhancement

   

 Present

 Absent

2 (2.2)

90 (97.8)

19 (57.6)

14 (42.4)

χ2 = 53.33

p < 0.001*

NM (Nipple morphology)

   

 Normal

 Abnormal (inverted or retracted)

86 (93.5)

6 (6.5)

12 (36.4)

21 (63.6)

χ2 = 46.78

p < 0.001*

Sym NM (symmetry of nipple morphology)

   

 Symmetric

 Asymmetric

89 (96.7)

3 (3.3)

12 (36.4)

21 (63.6)

χ2 = 57.07

p < 0.001*

TNE (tumor nipple enhancement)

   

 Present

 Absent

22 (23.9)

70 (76.1)

24 (72.7)

9 (27.3)

χ2 = 24.88

p < 0.001*

PST (peri-areolar skin thickening)

   

 Present

 Absent

0 (0.0)

92 (100.0)

22 (66.7)

11 (33.3)

χ2 = 74.43

p < 0.001*

TT (tumor type)

   

 DCIS

 IDC

 Invasive lobular carcinoma

3 (3.3)

82 (89.1)

7 (7.6)

6 (18.2)

27 (81.8)

0 (0.0)

MC

p = 0.006*

TG (tumor grade)

   

 Low or intermediate

 High

67 (72.8)

25 (27.2)

19 (57.6)

14 (42.4)

χ2 = 2.63

p = 0.105

LNS (lymph node state)

   

 Positive

 Negative

54 (58.7)

38 (41.3)

17 (51.5)

16 (48.5)

χ2 = 0.510

p = 0.475

PR (progesterone receptor) state

   

 Positive

 Negative

50 (54.3)

42 (45.7)

26 (78.8)

7 (21.2)

χ2 = 6.09

p = 0.014*

HER 2

   

positive

negative or equivocal

51 (55.4)

41 (44.6)

31 (93.9)

2 (6.1)

χ2 = 15.96

p < 0.001*

KI 67

   

 High

 Low

70 (76.1)

22 (23.9)

25 (75.8)

8 (24.2)

χ2 = 0.001

p = 0.970

ER (estrogen receptor) state

   

 Positive

 Negative

63 (68.5)

29 (31.5)

26 (78.8)

7 (21.2)

χ2 = 1.26

p = 0.262

  1. χ2 Chi-square test, MC Monte Carlo test, t Student’s t test
  2. *Statistically significant
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