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Table 1 Clinical, imaging features and the final diagnosis of all lesions

From: Potential role of susceptibility-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic pediatric neurological diseases

Presenting clinical symptoms

Final diagnosis

Imaging data

Potential SWI addition

Ten children with history of trauma with altered consciousness level

10 patients with TBI

5 patients with DAI

2 patients with subdural hemorrhage

2 patients with hemorrhagic brain contusion

1 patient with DAI, hemorrhagic brain contusion and intraventricular hemorrhage

SWI revealed a greater number of DAI lesions than the conventional MRI

Five children with fever followed by deterioration of conscious level after an attack of respiratory/gastrointestinal infection

5 patients with ANEC

3 patients with hemorrhagic ANEC

2 patients with ANEC

SWI detect a greater number of hemorrhagic lesions than conventional MRI

SWI also detect hemorrhagic lesions that was not seen by the conventional MRI imaging in one patient

Five children with headache, focal neurological deficits, or seizures

5 patients with cavernoma

3 patients with cavernoma detected by conventional MRI

2 patients with cavernoma confirmed by SWI and serial follow up imaging

SWI detect a greater number of hemorrhagic areas within cavernoma lesions than conventional MRI

SWI discovered two cavernoma that was not visible in the conventional MRI imaging

Thirteen children with vomiting, headache, focal neurological deficit, seizures or coma

9 patients with venous ischemic brain lesion

6 patients with venous sinus thrombosis

3 patients with cortical vein thrombosis

The follow up imaging and clinical data revealed absent venous sinus or cortical vein thrombosis in 4 patients (hypoglycemia was found in 2 patients, brain abscess was also found in 2 patients)

SWI diagnosed 8 patients (6 with venous sinus thrombosis and 2 with cortical vein thrombosis) and missed one case of cortical vein thrombosis)

Seven children with neurological deficit

7 patients with ischemic brain insult

4 patients with moyamoya

3 patients with infarction

SWI revealed additional microhemorrhage in 1 case of moyamoya

SWI revealed additional microhemorrhage in 2 patients with infarction

SWI equivocally diagnosed 1 patient with infarction and prominent draining vein