Fig. 6
From: Role of prenatal fetal echocardiography in the assessment of intrauterine growth restriction
A 33-year-old patient was examined at 32 weeks gestation, had an US foetal age of 28 weeks and foetal weight of 1050 gm. A Ultrasound showing oligohydramnios with decreased amniotic fluid index. B Doppler US of umbilical artery showing increased pulsatility index with preserved antegrade diastolic waveform pattern. C and D Colour Doppler assessment of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in a growth-restricted foetus. A, at level of circle of Willis.B, flow velocity waveform with normal pulsatility index of MCA. E Apical 4-chamber view of the foetal heart showing location of the sample volume on the internal wall of the ascending aorta, close to the internal leaflet of the mitral valve and below the aortic valve for measurement of the left Mod-MPI. Myocardial performance index (MPI) measured in the left ventricle. The Doppler waveform displays the clicks of aperture and closure of the mitral and aortic valves. F showing reference points for time periods estimations for measurement of IVCT, ET and IVRT based on echoes from the opening and closure of the mitral and aortic valves with a calculated MPI = 0.61