Variable | Number | Percent | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (12:73 Years) | Mean | 48.06 | |
Std. deviation | 16.5 | ||
Gender | Male | 30 | 55.6 |
Female | 24 | 44.4 | |
Clinical presentation* | Facial pain or loss of sensation | 50 | 92.6 |
Visual loss | 38 | 70.4 | |
Facial skin infarction/ulceration | 25 | 46.3 | |
Nasal congestion ± epistaxis | 22 | 40.7 | |
Cavernous sinus thrombosis | 22 | 40.7 | |
Cranial nerve involvement | 14 | 25.9 | |
Conscious level | 6 | 11.1 | |
Pre-operative imaging | CT only | 37 | 68.5 |
MRI only | 4 | 7.4 | |
CT and MRI | 13 | 24.1 | |
Surgical approach | External debridement | 20 | 37.2 |
Endoscopic | 19 | 37 | |
Combined | 13 | 24.1 | |
Passes away before surgery | 2 | 3.7 | |
Surgical serious decision | Maxillectomy | 5 | 9.3 |
Orbital exenteration | 13 | 24.1 | |
Systemic antifungal | 50 | 92.6 | |
Pathogen | Aspergillus fumigatus | 12 | 22.2 |
Mucormycosis | 42 | 77.8 | |
Outcome | Survivors | 32 | 59.3 |
Death | 22 | 40.7 |