Fig. 3

Abnormal attenuation of the EPS. A 41-year-old male patient presented with poly-trauma secondary to road traffic accident. Axial CT mediastinal window image showing rib fracture, surgical emphysema, and right lower lobe EPS air (very fine weblike internal septations characteristic of extra-pleural air) (arrows). B 39-year-old male patient presented with sudden dyspnea and shortness of breath after central venous line insertion. Axial CT mediastinal window image showing a relatively hyper-dense biconvex-shaped EPS hematoma post-central venous line insertion, i.e., iatrogenic (convexity of extra-pleural hematoma sign)