Fig. 5

Simulated AP radiograph of right proximal femur showing the reference points for measuring the neck shaft angle (NSA). M—Center of the femoral head, A—Point where the circle intersects the lateral cortex of the femoral neck, B—Point where the circle intersects the medial cortex of the femoral neck. FNA—femoral neck axis (line perpendicular to AB through M), NSA—femoral neck shaft angle, FLA—The long axis of the femur