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Table 1 Summary of results in group (B) and (C) including ILD characterization, % of patients involved, radiological signs, and further investigatory tools

From: Viral hepatitis and interstitial lung diseases: can HRCT assess their relation and characterize its pattern?

ILD

Predominant pattern in visual score

Final diagnosis

Group [B]: high viremia

Group [C]: high viremia, restrictive PFT

   

No %

Radiological signs

Confirming investigation

No %

Radiological signs

Confirming investigation

Fibrotic ILD

Reticular pattern

Interstitial pneumonia (IP)

UIP

Absent

17

PF and “honey combing”

No need

Fibrosing NSIP

19

PF and traction bronchiectasis/bronchiolectasis

BAL (↑neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes)

Non-IP (mimic)

Chronic HP

10

PF or septal thickening with “head cheese”

BAL (↑mast cells and lymphocytes with macrophages)

Sarcoidosis (stage II:IV)

4

Peri-bronchial fibro-nodular changes

Bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, and biopsy

Non-fibrotic ILD

Attenuation and nodular pattern

Interstitial pneumonia (IP)

Cellular NSIP

10

Sub-pleural GG

No need

Absent

COP

3

Peri-bronchial “Atol sign”

BAL (↑ lymphocytes 20–40% and

↓ CD4/CD8 ratio is 0.3-0.5)

CEP

2

Sub-pleural “Atol sign”

BAL (↑eosinophils 40–80% and ↑

CD4/CD8 ratio)

LIP

1

GG and cysts

BAL (↑lymphocytes)

Non-IP (mimic)

Sub-acute HP

8

Diffuse centrilobular GG nodules and “head cheese”

Clinical diagnosis

Alveolar proteinosis

1

“Crazy paving”

BAL (↑ protein SP-A and SP-D and Ig-G)

Sarcoidosis (stage I)

2

Bilateral hilar and nodal enlargement

Bronchoscopy and biopsy

Total

27% (mild relation)

50% (moderate relation)