Fig. 4

A 56-year-old male patient presented with HCC lesion managed by radiofrequency ablation with suspected recurrence: a liver cirrhosis with previously ablated hepatic focal lesion currently presented with tiny focal enhancement worrisome for focal nodular outgrowth recurrence on digital subtraction arterial phase MRI; b corresponding color-scale relative enhancement mapping MRI allows enhanced identification of the nodular focus of maximum relative enhancement; c corresponding time–% relative enhancement curves of the aorta (red), PV (dark yellow), IVC (blue), lesion-free cirrhosis (green), adjacent perilesional hyperemia negative for recurrence (purple), and focal tiny nodular hyperenhancement with characteristic wash-in and washout positive for early nodular outgrowth recurrence (black); d quantitative comparison of the hemodynamic metrics of negative versus positive early nodular tumoral recurrence