Table 1 Wilms’ tumor—clinic-pathological—National Wilms’ Tumor Study (NWTS) staging [11]
Wilms’ tumor—clinic-pathological—National Wilms’ Tumor Study (NWTS) staging | |
|---|---|
Stage I | Tumor confined to kidney without capsular or vascular invasion, tumor was not biopsied or ruptured. No residual tumor tissue after resection |
Stage II | Tumor beyond renal capsule, vessel infiltration, biopsy performed before resection or intraoperative tumor rupture. Confined to the flank, not involving peritoneal surface (Completely resectable tumor with tumor-free margins) |
Stage III | Tumor beyond renal capsule, vessel infiltration, biopsy performed before resection or intraoperative tumor rupture. Confined to the flank, not involving peritoneal surface (Completely resectable tumor with tumor-free margins) |
Stage IV | Tumor beyond renal capsule, vessel infiltration, biopsy performed before resection or intraoperative tumor rupture. Confined to the flank, not involving peritoneal surface (Completely resectable tumor with tumor-free margins) |
Stage V | Bilateral renal involvement present at diagnosis |