Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C, Viswanathan A, Al-Shahi Salman R, Warach S et al (2009) Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol 8:165–174
Article
Google Scholar
Offenbacher H, Fazekas F, Schmidt R, Koch M, Fazekas G, Kapeller P (1996) MR of cerebral abnormalities concomitant with primary intracerebral hematomas. Am J Neuroradiol 17:573–578
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tanaka A, Ueno Y, Nakayama Y, Takano K, Takebayashi S (1999) Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. Stroke 30:1637–1642
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, Kleinert G, Kapeller P, Schmidt R, Hartung HP (1999) Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. Am J Neuroradiol 20:637–642
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koennecke HC (2006) Cerebral microbleeds on MRI: prevalence, associations, and potential clinical implications. Neurology 66:165–171
Article
Google Scholar
Nishikawa T, Ueba T, Kajiwara M, Fujisawa I, Miyamatsu N, Yamashita K (2009) Cerebral microbleeds predict first-ever symptomatic cerebrovascular events. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 111:825–810
Article
Google Scholar
Werring DJ, Frazer DW, Coward LJ, Losseff NA, Watt H, Cipolotti L et al (2004) Cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral microbleeds on T2-weighted gradient-echo MRI. Brain 127:2265–2275
Article
Google Scholar
Jeerakathil T, Wolf PA, Beiser A, Hald JK, Au R, Kase CS et al (2004) Cerebral microbleeds: prevalence and associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the Framingham Study. Stroke 35:1831–1835
Article
Google Scholar
Kinoshita T, Okudera T, Tamura H, Ogawa T, Hatazawa J (2000) Assessment of lacunar hemorrhage associated with hypertensive stroke by echo-planar gradient-echo T2*-weighted MRI. Stroke 31:1646–1650
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tsushima Y, Aoki J, Endo K (2003) Brain microhemorrhages detected on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR images. Am J Neuroradiol 24:88–96
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee SH, Kwon SJ, Kim KS, Yoon BW, Roh JK (2004) Cerebral microbleeds in patients with hypertensive stroke. Topographical distribution in the supratentorial area. J Neurol 251:1183–1189
Article
Google Scholar
Lee SH, Kwon SJ, Kim KS, Yoon BW, Roh JK (2004) Topographical distribution of pontocerebellar microbleeds. Am J Neuroradiol 25:1337–1341
PubMed
Google Scholar
Imaizumi T, Horita Y, Chiba M, Hashimoto Y, Honma T, Niwa J (2004) Dot-like hemosiderin spots on gradient echo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging are associated with past history of small vessel disease in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroimaging 14:251–257
Article
Google Scholar
(1990) Special Report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke 21:637–676
Lee SH, Bae HJ, Yoon BW, Kim H, Kim DE, Roh JK (2002) Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions. Stroke 33:2845–2849
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, Hurtig HI, Zimmerman RA (1987) MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer’s dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 149:351–356
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Naka H, Nomura E, Wakabayashi S, Kajikawa H, Kohriyama T, Mimori Y, Nakamura S, Matsumoto M (2004) Frequency of asymptomatic microbleeds on T2*-weighted MR images of patients with recurrent stroke: association with combination of stroke subtypes and leukoaraiosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25:714–719
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee SH, Bae HJ, Kwon SJ, Kim H, Kim YH, Yoon BW, Roh JK (2004) Cerebral microbleeds are regionally associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology. 62:72–76
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kato H, Izumiyama M, Izumiyama K, Takahashi A, Itoyama Y (2002) Silent cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted MRI: correlation with stroke subtype, stroke recurrence, and leukoaraiosis. Stroke. 33:1536–1540
Article
Google Scholar
Cordonnier C, van der Flier WM, Sluimer JD, Leys D, Barkhof F, Scheltens P (2006) Prevalence and severity of microbleeds in a memory clinic setting. Neurology. 66:1356–1360
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tsushima Y, Tanizaki Y, Aoki J, Endo K (2002) MR detection of microhemorrhages in neurologically healthy adults. Neuroradiology. 44:31–36
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Igase M, Tabara Y, Igase K, Nagai T, Ochi N, Kido T et al (2009) Asymptomatic cerebral microbleeds seen in healthy subjects have a strong association with asymptomatic lacunar infarction. Circ J. 73:530–533
Article
Google Scholar
Poels MM, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Hofman A, Krestin GP, van der Lugt A et al (2010) Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: an update of the Rotterdam Scan Study. Stroke. 41:S103–S106
Article
Google Scholar
Tang WK, Chen YK, Lu J, Ahuja AT, Chu WC, Mok VC et al (2011) Cerebral microbleeds and quality of life in acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci. 32:449–454
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cordonnier C, Al-Shahi Salman R, Wardlaw J (2007) Spontaneous brain microbleeds: systematic review, subgroup analyses and standards for study design and reporting. Brain 130:1988–2003
Article
Google Scholar
Romero JR, Preis SR, Beiser A et al (2014) Risk factors, stroke prevention treatments, and prevalence of cerebral microbleeds in the Framingham Heart Study. Stroke 45:1492–1494
Article
Google Scholar
Vernooij MW, van der Lugt A, Ikram MA et al (2008) Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Neurology 70:1208–1214
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lee SH, Bae HJ, Ko SB, Kim H, Yoon BW, Roh JK (2004) Comparative analysis of the spatial distribution and severity of cerebral microbleeds and old lacunes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:423–427
Article
Google Scholar
Yubi T, Hata J, Ohara T, Mukai N, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D et al (2018) Prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds in a general Japanese elderly community. Neurol Clin Pract 8(3):223–231
Article
Google Scholar
Ni R, Chu L, Xu D, Li Y, Zhang Y, You M, Zhu Y, Ouyang F, Zhang J, Cai G, Lin X, Yang Z, Gao Z (2018) Risk factors of cerebral microbleeds in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. Neurol Res 40(5):413–418
Article
Google Scholar
Kim BJ, Lee SH, Kang BS, Yoon BW, Roh JK (2008) Diabetes increases large artery diseases, but not small artery diseases in the brain. J Neurol 255:1176–1181
Article
Google Scholar
Ovbiagele B, Saver JL, Sanossian N, Salamon N, Villablanca P, Alger JR et al (2006) Predictors of cerebral microbleeds in acute ischemic stroke and TIA patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 22:378–383
Article
Google Scholar
Hanyu H, Tanaka Y, Shimizu S, Takasaki M, Fujita H, Kaneko N et al (2003) Cerebral microbleeds in Binswanger’s disease: a gradient-echo T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study. Neurosci Lett. 340:213–216
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lee S-H, Lee S-T, Kim BJ, Park H-K, Kim C-K, Jung K-H et al (2011) Dynamic temporal change of cerebral microbleeds: long-term follow-up MRI study. PLoS One 6(10):e25930
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Alemany M, Stenborg A, Terent A, Sonninen P, Raininko R (2006) Coexistence of microhemorrhages and acute spontaneous brain hemorrhage: correlation with signs of microangiopathy and clinical data. Radiology 238:240–710
Article
Google Scholar
Pettersen JA, Sathiyamoorthy G, Gao F-Q, Szilagyi G, Nadkarni NK, St George-Hyslop P et al (2008) Microbleed topography, leukoaraiosis, and cognition in probable Alzheimer disease from the Sunnybrook dementia study. Arch Neurol 65:790
Article
Google Scholar
Nakata-Kudo Y, Mizuno T, Yamada K, Shiga K, Yoshikawa K, Mori S et al (2006) Microbleeds in Alzheimer disease are more related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy than cerebrovascular disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 22:8
Article
Google Scholar
Hanyu H, Tanaka Y, Shimizu S, Takasaki M, Abe K (2003) Cerebral microbleeds in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol 250
Takashima Y, Mori T, Hashimoto M, Kinukawa N, Uchino A, Yuzuriha T et al (2011) Clinical correlating factors and cognitive function in community-dwelling healthy subjects with cerebral microbleeds. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 20:105
Article
Google Scholar