Fig. 1

Clinical data: A 33-year-old woman with right breast cancer(T2N1). Histologic findings demonstrated grade II invasive ductal carcinoma (Triple negative). Post -operative pathologic findings revealed dense fibrosis and adenosis with no viable tumor tissue (complete pathological response) that confirmed with lumpectomy(ypT0N0). A The first row figure: (a–c) Breast MR images prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrate a 1.6 × 1.2 cm oval circumscribed enhancing mass in the right breast on axial post-contrast (a) images restricted diffusion (b) with an ADC value of 0.5 (c). The second row (d–f) Breast MR images during neoadjuvant chemotherapy demonstrate complete regression in size of the previously noted right breast mass (d), with no evidence of areas of diffusion restriction in DWI and ADC images (e, f). Complete response. “Complete response”. B The first row 18FDG-PET/CT images prior to chemotherapy demonstrate a metabolically active 18FDG avid hyper-dense well defined rounded mass in the right breast on (a)axial CT, (b) axial PET and (c) axial fused PET/CT images (SUVmax = 8.3, SUVmean = 4.7, MTV = 2.4, TLG = 11). The second row (d–f) 18FDG-PET/CT images during chemotherapy demonstrate complete metabolic and anatomic response of the previously detected known right breast mass on (d) axial CT, (e) axial PET and (f) axial fused PET/CT images. “Complete response”